Crypto ATM / kiosk operator in Cameroon

Cryptocurrency Exchanges: There is no legal framework to license or regulate cryptocurrency exchanges. Any entity attempting to operate an exchange would face severe challenges in accessing banking services and could be deemed to be operating outside the established financial regulatory framework.

Neither a specific registration nor a licensing regime for VASPs exists in Cameroon. The current environment is effectively one of prohibition for regulated financial entities, without a corresponding framework for independent crypto businesses.

Custody Providers: Similar to exchanges, no specific license exists. Financial institutions are prohibited from holding or facilitating virtual assets, making traditional custody services for crypto impossible within the regulated sector.

Payment Processors: Payment processors dealing with fiat currency are regulated by BEAC and require licenses as Electronic Money Institutions or Payment Institutions. However, they are explicitly prohibited from dealing with cryptocurrencies. Therefore, there are no licenses for crypto-specific payment processing.

Lack of Legal Tender Status: Cryptocurrencies are not recognized as legal tender within the CEMAC zone.

Local Presence: For most regulated financial activities in Cameroon, a local corporate entity and physical presence are mandatory. This would likely extend to any future crypto licensing.

Entities seeking to operate in the crypto space would likely face a lack of legal recognition and significant operational hurdles, particularly concerning banking relationships.

BEAC Communiqué on Cryptocurrencies (December 10, 2021):

CEMAC Regulation No. 02/CEMAC/UMAC/CM/22 on the Fight Against Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism in the CEMAC Zone, with Specific Provisions for Virtual Assets: This is the most critical piece of legislation. Adopted in 2022, it explicitly defines "virtual assets" and "virtual asset service providers" and subjects VASPs to the same AML/CFT obligations as traditional financial institutions. It transposes the FATF Recommendations concerning virtual assets.

Law No. 2016/007 of July 12, 2016, on the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing in Cameroon: This national law provides the general framework for AML/CFT in Cameroon, defining obliged entities, establishing the Financial Intelligence Unit (ANIF), and outlining sanctions. While it predates explicit VASP definitions, the CEMAC regulation extends its principles to VASPs.

Identification and Verification of Customers:

Verifying identity before establishing a business relationship or conducting transactions above a certain threshold (often EUR 1,000 or equivalent).

Verifying identity using independent and reliable sources (e.g., government-issued ID documents, official registries).

Identification of Beneficial Owners:

Identifying the natural person(s) who ultimately own or control the customer (typically 25% ownership or more, or effective control).

Continuously monitoring business relationships and transactions to ensure they are consistent with the VASP's knowledge of the customer, their business, and their risk profile, including, where necessary, the source of funds.

Updating customer information and documentation regularly.

Applying EDD measures for high-risk situations, including:

Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) and their family members/close associates.

Complex, unusually large transactions, or unusual patterns of transactions that have no apparent economic or lawful purpose.

Business relationships with non-face-to-face customers (where additional risk factors are present).

Reporting Obligation: VASPs must report any transaction (or attempted transaction) that they suspect, or have reasonable grounds to suspect, is related to money laundering or terrorist financing, regardless of the amount.

Reporting Body: Reports must be made to the Agence Nationale d'Investigation Financière (ANIF), Cameroon's FIU.

Timing: Reports must be submitted "without delay" once suspicion is formed.

The CEMAC-wide Ban on Crypto-Assets by BEAC: This is a foundational regulatory action that makes all crypto-related activities illegal and provides the basis for enforcement.

Date: May 6, 2022

Outcome: Established a clear and comprehensive prohibition on all crypto-asset related activities across the CEMAC region. This makes any operation of a cryptocurrency exchange, mining operation, or widespread trading highly illegal and subject to enforcement by national authorities (police, judiciary, financial intelligence units) in each CEMAC member state, including Cameroon.

Enforcement against crypto-related Ponzi schemes/fraudulent operations.

Arrests and detention of the founder and associates.

Seizure of assets belonging to the company and its founders (e.g., properties, vehicles, bank accounts).

Evidence fact cm.enforcement.no-comprehensive-regulatory-framework-targeting not found (may have been renamed).