Crypto ATM / kiosk operator in Qatar

Rule 2.1.3(1) of the FSRU states: "A Firm must not undertake a Financial Service or other activity relating to a Virtual Asset."

The QFCRA Glossary defines "Virtual Asset" broadly as "any digital representation of value that can be digitally traded or transferred and used for payment or investment purposes, but does not include digital representations of fiat currencies, securities and other financial assets that are already covered by the QFCRA’s regulatory framework."

Current Status: There are no specific licenses for dedicated cryptocurrency custody businesses in Qatar. This is because the QFCRA prohibits firms from engaging in activities related to Virtual Assets, as detailed above.

The Qatar Central Bank (QCB) has been active in exploring digital currencies, particularly a wholesale Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), but this is distinct from regulating private cryptocurrencies.

The QCB has also been a leader in implementing Law No. (20) of 2019 on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing, which, following FATF guidelines, includes virtual assets within its scope. This means that while direct licensing might be absent, any entity dealing with virtual assets (even if prohibited for most financial services firms) would be subject to strict AML/CFT obligations.

Law No. (20) of 2019 on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: This is the foundational law establishing the AML/CFT framework, defining offenses, obligations for reporting entities, and the powers of regulatory and law enforcement bodies. It aligns Qatar's framework with the latest FATF Recommendations.

Natural Persons: Obtain and verify the customer's name, permanent address, date of birth, nationality, and official identification document number (e.g., QID, passport).

Legal Persons/Arrangements: Obtain and verify the entity's name, legal form, proof of incorporation/establishment, registered address, details of directors/senior management, and the full structure of ownership and control.

Beneficial Ownership Identification: Identify and verify the identity of the beneficial owner(s) – any natural person(s) who ultimately own or control 25% or more of the legal person, or on whose behalf a transaction is being conducted.

Source of Funds and Source of Wealth: For high-risk customers or transactions, obtain information on the source of funds (where the funds came from for a specific transaction) and the source of wealth (the overall economic activity that generates the customer's total net worth). This is particularly crucial in the virtual asset space.

Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs): Implement procedures to determine if a customer or beneficial owner is a PEP. Apply enhanced due diligence (EDD) measures to PEPs, their family members, and close associates.

Sanctions Screening: Screen customers and transactions against national and international sanctions lists (e.g., UNSC sanctions).

Reporting Body: All STRs must be submitted to the Qatar Financial Information Unit (QFIU).

Duration: Records must be maintained for a minimum of five (5) years from the date of the transaction or the end of the business relationship, whichever is later.

Cross-border virtual asset transfers.

No Tipping-Off: Prohibited from disclosing to the customer or any third party that a suspicious transaction report has been filed or that an investigation is underway.

Legal Basis: Qatar implements UN Security Council Resolutions through its domestic legal framework, primarily Law No. 20 of 2019 on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing. This law mandates compliance with UN sanctions, including the freezing of funds and assets of designated individuals and entities.