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European Union

Comprehensive Framework Risk: low Last updated: 2026-04-08

Regulatory Bodies

EBA

Stablecoin supervision (ARTs/EMTs)

ESMA

Market integrity, CASP oversight

Primary Legislation

Law / Regulation Year Scope
MiCA Regulation 2023 Comprehensive crypto-asset regulation
Transfer of Funds Regulation (recast) 2023 Travel Rule
AMLD6 2024 AML/CFT harmonization

Licensing Requirements

vasp

CASP authorization under MiCA (national competent authority)

custody

CASP license (custody is a licensed activity under MiCA)

exchange

CASP authorization with EU-wide passporting

Travel Rule

Adopted — Threshold: EUR 0 (no threshold under TFR recast)

Tax Reporting

DAC8 (effective 2026) — crypto reporting directive

Recent Updates

2024-12-30
high EU

MiCA Full Application Now In Effect Across EU

The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) is now fully applicable across all EU member states. CASPs must obtain authorization from their national competent authority to continue operations.

licensing

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