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Securities Classification

Global

Effective: Varies by jurisdiction

Classification of tokens and crypto assets as securities

securities

Summary

Determining whether a token qualifies as a security is a critical compliance question for any crypto project. In the US, the Howey Test evaluates whether an asset constitutes an investment contract; the SEC has brought 50+ enforcement actions since 2023. The EU applies MiFID II definitions. Switzerland classifies tokens as payment, utility, or asset (security) tokens. Japan regulates 'electronically recorded transferable rights' as securities under FIEA. Hong Kong's SFC requires Type 1/7 licensing for security token platforms.

Key Requirements

  • Howey Test analysis (US)
  • Registration or exemption filing
  • Prospectus/white paper requirements
  • Secondary trading rules
  • Accredited investor restrictions
  • MiFID II classification (EU)
  • FINMA token classification (CH)
  • Determining whether a token qualifies as a security is a critical compliance question for any crypto project. In the US, the Howey Test evaluates whet

Jurisdictions Implementing This Framework

AD Andorra AE United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda AL Albania AM Armenia AO Angola AR Argentina AT Austria AU Australia AZ Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados BD Bangladesh BE Belgium BF Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria BH Bahrain BI Burundi BM Bermuda BN Brunei BO Bolivia BR Brazil BS Bahamas BW Botswana BY Belarus BZ Belize CA Canada CD Democratic Republic of the Congo CH Switzerland CI Cote d'Ivoire CL Chile CM Cameroon CN China CO Colombia CR Costa Rica CU Cuba CV Cabo Verde CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DK Denmark DO Dominican Republic DZ Algeria EC Ecuador EE Estonia EG Egypt ER Eritrea ES Spain ET Ethiopia EU European Union FI Finland FJ Fiji FM Micronesia GA Gabon GB United Kingdom GD Grenada GE Georgia GG Guernsey GM Gambia GN Guinea GQ Equatorial Guinea GR Greece GT Guatemala GW Guinea-Bissau HK Hong Kong HR Croatia HT Haiti HU Hungary IE Ireland IL Israel IM Isle of Man IN India IQ Iraq IR Iran JE Jersey JO Jordan JP Japan KE Kenya KH Cambodia KI Kiribati KN Saint Kitts and Nevis KP North Korea KR South Korea KW Kuwait KY Cayman Islands KZ Kazakhstan LB Labuan (Malaysia) LC Saint Lucia LI Liechtenstein LK Sri Lanka LR Liberia LS Lesotho LT Lithuania LU Luxembourg LV Latvia LY Libya MC Monaco MD Moldova ME Montenegro MG Madagascar MH Marshall Islands MK North Macedonia MM Myanmar MR Mauritania MU Mauritius MV Maldives MX Mexico MY Malaysia NG Nigeria NI Nicaragua NO Norway NR Nauru NZ New Zealand OM Oman PA Panama PE Peru PG Papua New Guinea PH Philippines PK Pakistan PL Poland PR Puerto Rico PS Palestine PT Portugal PY Paraguay QA Qatar RO Romania RS Serbia RU Russia RW Rwanda SA Saudi Arabia SB Solomon Islands SC Seychelles SD Sudan SE Sweden SG Singapore SI Slovenia SK Slovakia SM San Marino SN Senegal SO Somalia SR Suriname SS South Sudan ST Sao Tome and Principe SV El Salvador SY Syria SZ Eswatini TC Turks and Caicos TD Chad TH Thailand TJ Tajikistan TL Timor-Leste TM Turkmenistan TN Tunisia TR Turkey TT Trinidad and Tobago TV Tuvalu TW Taiwan TZ Tanzania UA Ukraine US United States UY Uruguay VA Holy See VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VG British Virgin Islands VU Vanuatu WS Samoa YE Yemen

168 jurisdictions reference this framework

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Last updated: 2026-06-06. View all frameworks