← Operating Models / Remote VASP

Remote VASP serving residents

Foreign-incorporated entity that offers exchange, custody, or transfer services to residents of a jurisdiction without establishing a local entity or office.

Examples: Binance.com pre-2023 · Kraken Pro served to non-US residents

0 permitted 176 conditional 31 not permitted 2 reviewed of 207 total

Questions this model answers

  • May a non-resident provider serve residents from abroad?
  • Does cross-border service trigger licensing, registration, or AML obligations?
  • What enforcement risk exists for unlicensed remote operators?
Jurisdiction Verdict Local entity Licensing burden Source Details
Andorra Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
United Arab Emirates Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Antigua and Barbuda Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Albania Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Argentina Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Austria Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Azerbaijan Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Barbados Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Burkina Faso Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bulgaria Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bahrain Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Burundi Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Benin Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bermuda Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Brazil Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bahamas Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bhutan Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Botswana Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Belarus Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Belize Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Canada Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Central African Republic Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Cote d'Ivoire Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Chile Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Cuba Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Cyprus Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Germany Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Denmark Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Ecuador Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Estonia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Egypt Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Spain Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
European Union Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Finland Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Fiji Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
France Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
United Kingdom Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Grenada Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Georgia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Guernsey Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Gibraltar Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Guyana Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Hong Kong Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Croatia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Hungary Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Indonesia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Ireland Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Israel Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Iran Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Iceland Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Italy Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Jordan Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Japan Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Kenya Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Kyrgyzstan Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
South Korea Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Cayman Islands Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Kazakhstan Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Laos Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Labuan (Malaysia) Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Liechtenstein Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Sri Lanka Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Lithuania Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Moldova Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Montenegro Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Marshall Islands Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Mongolia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Malta Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Mauritius Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Malaysia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Mozambique Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Namibia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Niger Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Nigeria Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Netherlands Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Oman Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Philippines Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Puerto Rico Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Palau Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Qatar Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Serbia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Russia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Rwanda Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Saudi Arabia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Seychelles Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Sweden Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Singapore Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Slovakia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
San Marino Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Senegal Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
El Salvador Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Turks and Caicos Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Togo Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Thailand Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Tajikistan Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Turkmenistan Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Tunisia Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Turkey Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Trinidad and Tobago Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Tanzania Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Uganda Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Uzbekistan Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Venezuela Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
British Virgin Islands Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Vietnam Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Vanuatu Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
South Africa Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Zambia Conditional Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Zimbabwe Conditional Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Democratic Republic of the Congo Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Dominica Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Gabon Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Gambia Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Guinea-Bissau Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Honduras Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Haiti Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Kiribati Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Liberia Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Lesotho Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Madagascar Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Malawi Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Mexico Conditional Not required Low AI · Reviewed View →
Peru Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Solomon Islands Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Suriname Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Timor-Leste Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Tuvalu Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Uruguay Conditional Not required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Samoa Conditional Required Low AI · Unreviewed View →
Armenia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Australia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Bosnia and Herzegovina Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Belgium Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Switzerland Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Colombia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Costa Rica Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Cabo Verde Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Czech Republic Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Djibouti Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Dominican Republic Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Micronesia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Greece Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Guatemala Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Isle of Man Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
India Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Jersey Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Jamaica Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Comoros Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Saint Kitts and Nevis Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Saint Lucia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Luxembourg Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Latvia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Monaco Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
North Macedonia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Maldives Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Norway Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Nauru Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
New Zealand Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Panama Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Papua New Guinea Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Poland Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Portugal Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Paraguay Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Romania Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Slovenia Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Sierra Leone Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Sao Tome and Principe Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Eswatini Conditional Not required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Tonga Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Taiwan Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Ukraine Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Holy See Conditional Required Medium AI · Unreviewed View →
Nicaragua Conditional Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Palestine Conditional Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Somalia Conditional Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Afghanistan Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Angola Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bangladesh Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Brunei Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Congo Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Algeria Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Eritrea Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Ghana Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Guinea Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Cambodia Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
North Korea Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Kuwait Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Libya Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Morocco Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Mali Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Mauritania Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Pakistan Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Sudan Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Chad Not permitted Not required High AI · Unreviewed View →
United States Not permitted Required High AI · Reviewed View →
Yemen Not permitted Required High AI · Unreviewed View →
Bolivia Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Cameroon Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
China Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Ethiopia Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Equatorial Guinea Not permitted Required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Iraq Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Myanmar Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Nepal Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
South Sudan Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →
Syria Not permitted Not required None AI · Unreviewed View →

Each row links to the full structured verdict including AML obligations, key restrictions, key risks, and the underlying fact-by-fact evidence. The verdicts are a synthesis layer — they cite the existing regulatory facts, never restate them.